Type-writing machine.



0. B. YAW.

TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB.11,'1910.

2 SHEETS-SKEBT 1.

. 995,515. Patented June 20, 1911 FIG! INVENTEIR:

1||5 ATTEIRNEV THE NORRIS PETERS 20., WASHINGTON 0. c.

G. B. YAW.

TYPE WRITING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED FEB. 11, 1910.

995,515 Patented June 20, 1911.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

ITNE55E5= INVENTEIR= 1415' ATTURNEY UNITED STATES PATENT UFFIfiE.

CLIO B. YAW, 0F ARLINGTON, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO REMINGTON TYPEWRITERCOMPANY, OF ILION, NEW YORK, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

TYPE-WRITING MACHINE.

Application filed February 11, 1910.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, OLIo B. YAW, citizen of the United States, andresident of Arlington, in the county of Hudson and State of New Jersey,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Type-WritingMachines, of which the following is a speci fication.

My invention relates to typewriting machines and more particularly tothe carriage escapements of such machines.

The principal object of my invention is to increase the speed of theescapement by causing the carriage to make its entire step from oneletter-space position to the next in a single continuous movement.

Another object is to provide an improved means for changing theescapement from ordinary to reverse or vice versa.

Another object is to provide an escapement the action of which is alwaysthe same irrespective of the manner in which the key is operated; thatis to say, an escapement in which the motion of the key does not ofitself move the carriage and in which the escapement operates exactlythe same whether the key be struck a sharp staccato blow, or whether thestroke is a more hesitating one in which the key is either operatedslowly, or is momentarily held down, or is allowed to return slowly tonormal position.

Another object is to provide an escapement in which, when the keyreaches the point in its stroke at which the let-off occurs, theremainder of the operation of the escapement is entirely automatic andindependent of the operation of the key.

Other objects will appear hereinafter.

In all prior escapements of which I am aware, and certainly in allescapements in common use, the stepping of the carriage from oneletter-space position to the next is always made in two distinctmovements. For-example, there is one style of escapement which is saidto have a fifty per-cent. drop. By this is meant that the carriage isreleased on the down stroke of the key and it makes one-half of itsletter-space step due to this release. The carriage is then arrested andis again released on the up stroke of the key when it completes itsletter-space movement. Even in those escapements in which the drop isreduced to the minimum there is still always a certain amount of drop.If

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 20, 1911.

Serial No. 543,253.

for example the escapement is of the ordinary sort and the drop is only1/100 of an inch, still the carriage moves this 1/100 of an inch and isarrested and it makes the remaining 9/100 of an inch as a separate anddistinct movement. The same is true of a reverse escapement in which thecarriage steps first, say 9/100 of an inch, when it is arrested andafterward it steps the remaining 1/100. By far the greater part 'of thetime consumed in the stepping movement of the carriage is the time spentin getting it started. When the carriage has to be started from aposition of rest the driving spring has the inertia of the entirecarriage to overcome and this setting of the carriage in motion is theslow part of the operation of letter-space stepping. In the priorescapements referred to, it has been necessary to set the carriage inmotion from a state of rest twice for each letter-space movementthereof. The entire time spent by the carriage, therefore, in passingfrom one letterspace position to the next, has been greater by reason ofthis fact than it would be if the carriage could move from the firstletterspace position to the second by one continuous, uninterruptedmovement. To provide for this mode of operation constitutes one of theprincipal purposes of the present invention. The escapement set forthherein can be readily changed to operate either as an ordinary or as areverse escapement and it has, under both conditions, the mode ofoperation above set forth.

My invention consists in certain features of construction andcombinations and arrangements of parts, all of which will be fully setforth herein and particularly pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings:F1gure l is a front to rear verticalsectional view of so much of a typewriting machine as is necessary toillustrate the application of my invention thereto, and showing myinvention embodied therein. Fig. 2 is a rear elevation, partly insection and with parts broken away, and showing the escapement mechanismin normal position. Figs 3 and 4 are fragmentary rear views, the firstshowing the parts when a key is fully depressed, and the secondshowingthe parts as they are at a certain point on the upstroke of thekey. Fig. 5 is a sectional view substantially on the machine.

the line w of Fig. 2 and looking in the direction of the arrow at saidline. Fig. 6 is a fragmentary rear View, showing the parts arranged as areverse escapement.

Fig. 1 is on a reduced scale and Figs. 25

are on an enlarged scale.

My invention is applicable or adaptable to typewriting machinesgenerally and it is here shown applied to a Remington visibletype-writer. The stationary framework of this machine comprises a base1, corner posts 2, top plate 3 and stationary carriage rails 1, whichlast support a carriage 5 by means of ball or roller bearings, and saidcarriage has a platen 6 mounted therein. Front strike type bars 7mounted on a seg ment 8 are adapted to strike against the front face ofsaid platen. Said type bars are operated through linkages 10 connectedwith printing key levers 11. A universal bar 12 is hung by rods 13 fromarms 11 projecting horizontally from a rock shaft 15 which is pivoted atits ends in the base of Said rock shaft has two other rearwardlyprojecting arms 16 and 17, to one of which is connected a link 18 whichoperates the escapement. This link may be formed with the usualturn-buckle or other device for adjusting its length.

A feed rack 20 is mounted on arms 21 which are pivoted at 22 to thecarriage 5, and said feed rack meshes with a feed pinion 23 which isrigid with the forward end of a shaft 2% that is journaled in a bracket25 mounted on the top plate 3. At its rear end said shaft has anescapement wheel 26 mounted rigidly thereon by means of set screws 27passing through the hub of the wheel. This escapement wheel is hereshown as made up of two parts fastened together by screws 28, but thisconstruction is immaterial to the present invention.

The escapement wheel 26 is controlled wholly by a single feed dog 30which is pivoted on a pin 31 perpendicular to the plane of theescapement wheel, said dog being mounted in a suitable slot formed inthe end of a lever-arm or dog-carrier 32 which has an elongated hub 33pivoted on a pin 34: which extends horizontally in a front and backdirection and is mounted in a branch 35 of a bracket 36 secured to theunderside of the top plate 3. The clogcarrier 32 is substantiallyhorizontal so that it can be swung up about its pivot 34 to bring thedog 30 into engagement with the escapement wheel 26 and down about saidpivot to move said dog out of engagement with said wheel. Saiddogcarrier has an arm 37 projecting to the left therefrom, as seen fromthe rear in Fig. 2. Said arm has connected therewith one end of areturning spring 38, the other end of which is connected to anadjustable arm 40. Said arm 40 is pivoted to the bracket 36 at 41 and itis formed with a slot 42 through which passes a binding screw 13threaded into said bracket. The tension of the spring 38 can beregulated by adjusting the arm 10 up or down and securing it in adjustedposition by tightening the screw 43. The motion of the dog carrier underthe impulse of the spring 38 is limited by an adjustable stop screw ttand the motion of said dog carrier in the other direction is limited byanother stop screw 45. The spring 38 holds the dog carrier in normalposition with the dog 30 in engagement with the wheel 26, as shown inFig. 2.

A hook 16 is pivoted on the same pin 31 that the dog 30 is mounted on.As shown in the present instance, the hook 16 is slotted at its upperend and the dog 30 is reduced at its lower end, said dog being mountedin the slot in the hook andthe hook being guided by the side walls ofthe slot in the carrier 32. The hook 516 is adapted to be operated byanother hook 47 which is mounted in a slot in the end of an arm 48,where it is pivoted on a pin 50. The arm" 48 is rigidly secured by meansof a set screw 51 on the rear endof a rock shaft 52 which is pivoted inthe bracket 36. Said bracket is formed with a long tubular extension 53through which the shaft 52 passes and the forward end of said shaft hasrigidly mounted thereon the hub 54 of a lever having two arms 55 and 56to one of which is pivoted the connecting rod or link 18 which isoperated by the universal bar. A restoring spring 57 is connected at itsupper end to the other of said arms and at its lowerend to one of thearms projecting from the rock shaft 15, so that this spring operates atboth ends to restore the universal bar and the connected parts to normalposition.

In Figs. 1 and 2 the link 18 connects the arm 16 with the arm 55 and thespring 57 connects the arm 17 with the arm 56. This arrangement gives anordinary escapement. The mechanism becomes a reverse escapement byinterchanging the link 18 and spring 57, as shown in Fig. 6. This willbe explained in detail later on. The first part of thefollowingdescription refers to the arrangement of Figs. 1 and 2. Theeffect of the spring 57 can be varied by hooking its upper end into anyone of several holes 58 formed in the arm 56 at dif ferent distancesfrom the shaft 52.

The hook 46 has an arm 60 that extends above the pivot 31 and the dog 30has an arm 61 that extends below said pivot and on their left-handfaces, as viewed in Fig. 2, the dog and the hook are flush with eachother. A compression spring 62, seated in a hole 63 in the dog-carrier32, presses against both the dog and the hook and tends to rock themboth about the pin 31. A lighter compression spring 64, seated in a hole65 in said dog carrier, presses against the parts below the pivot butthis spring is both weaker than the spring 62 and it is also here shownnearer the pivot than said spring 62 so that when the parts are subjected to no other pressure than that of these two springs, the spring 62prevails. This spring is normally overcome, however, by the carriagespring acting through the escapement wheel and pressing the dog 30 backagainst a stop 66, which is here shown as consisting of a plug insertedin the dog carrier. A similar stop 67 limits the motion of the hook 46under the impulse of the spring 62. The lower arm 61 of the dog 30 bearsagainst the bottom surface 68 of the slot in the hook 46 and limits therelative motion of the dog and hook in one direction but leaves theseparts free for relative motion in the opposite direction. The hook 47has a spring bearing against it below the pivot 50, said spring beingseated in a hole 71 in the arm 48. The motion of the hook under theimpulse of this spring is limited by a stop 72.

The operation of my invention when set as an ordinary escapement is asfollows: The parts normally stand in the positions shown in Fig. 2 withthe dog carrier 32 up against the stop 44 and the dog in engagement withthe escapement wheel, the hook 47 standing too low to engage the hook46. WVhen a key is depressed the universal bar and parts connectedtherewith are operated, which moves the hook 47 up to the po sitionshown in Fig. 3, said hook snapping into engagement with the hook 46. Onthe upstroke of the key the universal bar moves downward and the arm 48is also moved downward by the restoring spring 57 and the hook 47 drawsthe hook 46 and dog-carrier 32 downward with it, thus drawing the dog 30out of engagement with the escapement wheel. The parts are shown in Fig.4 at the instant when the dog 30 is just passing out of engagement witha tooth of the escapement wheel. As soon as the dog is entirely freefrom the wheel it is moved to the right in Fig. 2 by the spring 62. Asthis spring also bears against the upper arm 60 of the hook 46, saidhook is also thrown back against its stop 67 which disengages the twohooks, leaving the dog carrier 32 free to be restored instantly tonormal position by its spring 38. The motion of these parts is quickerthan that of the escapement wheel so that the dog is back in position toarrest the next succeeding tooth of said wheel by the time said toothreaches the dog. It will be observed that the disconnection of the twohooks does not depend upon the rapidity with which the key itself isrestored to normal position but the hook 46 is snapped out of engagementwith the hook 47 by the spring 62 as soon as the dog 30 is free of theescapement wheel, irrespective of any further return motion of the partof the key and universal bar. It is thus impossible for the key to holdthe dog down out of engagement with the escapement wheel. It will. ofcourse be understood that the restoring spring 57 is much stronger thanthe restoring spring 88. As

soon as the parts reach the positions shown in Fig. 4 the rest of theaction is entirely automatic, the two hooks being disconnected and thedog carrier 32 returning to normal position and the dog 80 arresting theoncoming tooth of the escapement wheel.

When the carriage is drawn to the right without lifting the feed rack 20out of engagement with the feed pinion 23, the escapement wheel turnsbackward and the dog 30 and the hook 46 are turned by the spring 62until said hook strikes the stop 67. The dog 30 is free to turn stillfarther but is prevented from doing so automatically by the spring 64.As the carriage moves to the right, however, each tooth of theescapement wheel striking on the beveled side 78 of the dog 30, turnssaid dog about its pivot 31 against the tension of the spring 64 untilthe tooth passes over the dog. The several teeth thus snap over the doguntil the carriage is stopped and restored to the control of its spring,whereupon the parts resume their positions shown in Fig. 2 and thecarriage is held by the escapement. \Vhen the dog 30 is held in theposition shown in Fig. 2 by the tooth of the escapement wheel it holdsthe hook 46 away from its stop 67 by reason of the engagement of thelower arm 61 of said dog with the bottom 68 of the slot in the hook sothat said hook is held firmly in position to be engaged by the hook 47when the key is depressed.

The carriage is drawn across the machine by the usual spring drum 74.The universal bar can be held down by any suitable means so as toprovide lost motion between said universal bar and the key levers 11. Ashere shown a special bar is provided which lies beside the key levers l1and said bar has a set screw 76 therein, the lower end of which contactswith the universal bar 12, and holds said universal bar down in theposition shown against the tension of the spring 57. The normal positionof the universal bar can be regulated by adjusting this screw. In casethe universal bar is given a very low normal position and has thereforeonly a very short stroke the upper end of the link 18 would be set intoone of the holes 77, several of which are shown in Fig. 2 in the leverarm 55, said holes being at different distances from the shaft 52. Theleverage of the universal bar on said shaft can be varied by connectingthe link 18 with one or another of these holes so that a short stroke ofthe universal bar or a link stroke may be made to impart the desiredextent of motion to the shaft 52 and hook 47.

When it is desired to use the mechanism as a reverse escapement thespring 57 is connected at its lower end with the arm 16 and at its upperend it is hooked into one of the holes 77 in the lever arm 55, as shownin Fig. 6. The link 18 is connected with the arm 17 and with one of theholes 58 in the arm 56. The tension of the spring then normally holdsthe hook 47 up in the position shown in Figs. 3 and 6, and theescapement is operated on the down stroke of the key instead of on theup stroke of the key. With this exception the operation is identicalwith that above described. It will be seen that the normal position ofthe dog 30 and the dog carrier 32 is the same in both settings of themechanism, and that the operation of this dog is identical in bothinstances. The change from reverse to ordinary is not made in theescapement itself but is made in the connections between the escapementand the universal bar.

In carriage escapements, as heretofore commonly constructed, there areeither two dogs or else two escapement wheels or other escapement racks.In case there are two dogs cooperating with one rack, the rack isnormally held by one of said dogs, which dog is drawn out of engagementwith the rack on the down stroke of the key, thus drawing, the otherdoginto engagement with the rack. The second dog has to be drawn out ofengagement with the rack on the upstroke of the key, bringing the firstdog again into engagement. There is thus the friction of drawing a dogout of engagement on the down stroke of the key and also the friction ofdrawing another dog out of en gagement on the up stroke of the key,which makes twice as much frictional resistance to be overcome by thekey as in the present construction. In those escapements which have asingle dog and two racks said dog is drawn out of engagement with onerack on the down stroke of the key and out of engagement with the otherrack on the up stroke of the key. This form of escapement also offerstwice the amount of frictional resistance that is offered by the presentescapement. In the present escapement the single dog is drawn out ofengagement with a rack tooth only once at each operation. The dog isthen immediately disconnected from the key and is restored to normalposition free of the wheel. This escapement therefore offers a minimumof frictional resistance to be overcome by the key.

The escapement wheel is rigid on the shaft of the feed pinion whichgives a more accurate positioning of the carriage than in thoseconstructions where the escapement wheel is loose on the shaft and isconnected with the shaft by a pawl and ratchet.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is 2- 1. Ina typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage, an escapementrack, a dog carrier, a dog pivoted in said carrier and engaging saidrack, a hook pivoted co-axially with said dog, a spring engaging bothsaid dog and said hook on one side of their common pivot, said springtending to oppose the carriage spring, and a second spring engaging saiddog on the opposite side of said pivot, whereby said dog and hooknormally turn together but said dog can turn independently of said hookduring the return movement of the carriage.

2. In a typewriting machine, the combination of printing keys, acarriage, a single escapement rack, a single dog controlling said rack,and means for moving said dog out of and into engagement with said rackonce only at each operation of a printing key, said means includingchangeable devices for causing said dog to be operated either on thedown stroke of the key or on the up stroke of the key, depending on thesetting of said changeable devices.

3. In a typewriting machine, the combination of printing keys, auniversal bar, carriage escapement mechanism, a link operated by saiduniversal bar, a two-armed lever operated by said link, and asnapping-0E connection between said two-armed lever and said escapementmechanism, said link being connectible with either arm of said leverwhereby said escapement can be changed fromreverse to ordinary and viceversa.

4:. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage, printingkeys, a universal bar, an escapement controlling said carriage andcomprising a rack and a dog normally in engagement with said'rack, andchangeable connections between said universal bar and said escapementwhereby said dog can be withdrawn from engagement with said rack eitheron the downstroke of a key or on the up stroke of a key depending on thesetting of said changeable connections.

5. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage, printingkeys, a single escapement rack, a single dog controlling said rack, andmeans operated by said keys for moving said dog out of and intoengagement with said rack once only at each operation of a key, saidmoving means comprising changeable devices for moving said dog out ofengagement with said rack either on the up stroke or on the down strokeof said key depending upon the setting of said changeable devices, andsaid moving means comprising also a snapping-off connection between saidchangeable devices and said dog.

6. In a typewriting machine, the combination of printing keys, auniversal bar operated by said keys, a carriage, escapement mechanismfor controlling said carriage, and a changeable connection between saiduniversal bar and said escapement mechanism, said changeable connectionincluding a link, a two-armed lever and a spring, said link connected toone arm of said lever and said spring to the other, and the construction being such that the link and spring can be interchanged whereby theescapement can be changed from reverse to ordinary and vice versa.

7 In a typewriting machine, the combination of printing keys, auniversal bar, a carriage, escapement mechanism, and a connectionbetween said universal bar and escapement mechanism comprising a linkand a two-armed lever, said link being connectible with either arm ofsaid lever whereby said escapement can be changed from reverse toordinary and vice versa.

8. In a typewriting machine, the combination of printing keys auniversal bar, an oscillatory frame to which said universal bar isconnected, said frame having two arms projecting therefrom on the sameside of the axis of said frame, escapement mechanism, and a connectionbetween said universal bar and escapement mechanism including a link anda two-armed lever, said lever being connectible with one arm of saidlever and with one arm of said universal bar frame or with the other armof said lever and the other arm ofisaid universal bar frame whereby theescapement can be changed from reverse to ordinary and vice versa.

9. In a typewriting machine and in escapement mechanism, the combinationof an escapement rack, a dog carrier mounted to move toward and fromsaid rack, a single dog pivoted on said dog carrier for engagement withsaid rack, and so as to move at its engaging end in a directionsubstantially parallel with the direction of the engaged rack tooth, aspring connecting said dog and carrier and tending to move the dog inopposition to the movement of the rack, a hook controlled by themovement of said dog relative to its carrier, and a cooperating hook foroperating said carrier, the first mentioned hook being moved out ofconnection with the last mentioned hook when the dog is moved by itsspring upon its release from the rack.

10. I11 :1 typewriting machine and in escapement mechanism, thecombination of an escapement rack, a dog carrier, a dog pivoted to saidcarrier for engagement with said rack, a hook separately pivoted to saidcarrier, a cooperating hook for operating said carrier through the firstmentioned hook, a spring tending to move said dog in opposition to themotion of said rack and connections between said dog and the firstmentioned hook for releasing the latter from the operating hook when thedog is free from the rack.

Signed at the borough of Manhattan, city of New York, in the county ofNew York and State of New York this 10th day of February, A. D. 1910.

GLIO B. YAW. l/Vitnesses:

CHARLES E. SMITH, E. M. WnLLs.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. G.

